V-VTN 10/15/25/40 Vacuum Pump Repair

Operating Principle of Dry-Running Rotary Vane Vacuum Pumps

Increasing pressure by reducing volume is the principle of rotary vane operation. This design delivers excellent performance in pressure, vacuum, or combined applications.

In a cylindrical housing, the rotor is positioned eccentrically so that its top almost contacts the cylinder. The so-called rotor blades or vanes are located in the rotor slots.

When the rotor starts turning, centrifugal force throws the vanes outward and they slide along the inner surface of the cylinder. In this way, a cell is formed between two vanes, and its volume changes continuously during rotation. 

Air enters a cell through the inlet port until the trailing vane reaches the far end of the inlet port. At this point, the cell has reached its maximum volume. As the cell moves away from the port, its volume becomes smaller, so the air is compressed and the pressure rises.

This continues until the pressure in the cell exceeds the pressure in the pressure chamber, and the compressed air is then discharged through the outlet port.

Some models are fitted with an exhaust valve that prevents discharged air from flowing back if maximum pressure is reached. In a vacuum pump, the process is similar, but the pressure in the cell decreases while the chamber is at atmospheric pressure.

For pressure-vacuum pumps, the lower end of the vacuum inlet is shifted forward. The cell can now be filled through a second inlet. To avoid weakening the vacuum, the second inlet is positioned about one cell segment from the main suction inlet. The ratio between vacuum and pressure capacity is influenced by the choice of inlet port.

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